Showing posts with label Energy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Energy. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 20, 2009

Talk Amongst Yourselves: The Great Canadian Oil Spill (Sprawl?)

I recently took a trip to the Canadian Rockies to enjoy the pure, spectacular pleasure of Mother Nature's creations as she meant them. Ski the glaciers. Spot moose. Or whatever people do up there.

Then I landed in Calgary. Oil may have paid for the incredible boom ... but it's not oil oozing over all the hills surrounding this former cow town.

It's houses. Scores of thousands of them. I've seen urban sprawl like this in the wastelands surrounding LA, Phoenix, and more recently Dirty Vegas, but it's absolutely shocking to see in sleepy western Canada.
And if you believe, as I do, that sprawl needs to be managed, it's downright sickening. Undeveloped land is becoming as rare a commodity as the black ooze underground. The externalities of greenfield development have never been properly priced. I've spent my entire adult life trying to balance my libertarian tendencies with my desire to see preservation of large swathes of unadulterated nature. Can development be controlled using natural mechanisms without infringing on the basic capitalist tenet ensuring the capitalist's prerogative with his assets?
So far, so bad. So I turn it over to you. What's the answer?

Sunday, August 24, 2008

Getting What We Pay For

Is this really the best we have to offer?

BROKAW: The latest Gallup poll shows that, in the universe of American voters, 14 percent expressed their approval of Congress.

PELOSI: ... I think the main issue in the last election in November '06 was to end the war ... the president won't sign any bills that would allow that to happen. So from my standpoint, I disapprove of the way Congress functioned ...

BROKAW: ... Congress is bearing the responsibility in the eyes of the American public ... for not doing something about gasoline prices.

PELOSI: That's that poll, and--but the fact is, is that the, the, the oil companies, the, the administration, they all ranked higher than Congress in most of those polls. But the point is this. People--we have to look after the consumer, we have to increase the supply of energy. And the president, even as recently as yesterday, said if you drill offshore, you're going to bring down the price at the pump. It is simply not true ... this oil belongs to the American people. It has been--the big oil is making profits from it, they're not paying royalties to the taxpayer, and they're asking--and the taxpayer is subsidizing it.

Earth to Nancy: California may seem like it's part of socialist Mexico sometimes, but it's still part of the US, where oil is owned by whomever buys the rights to it.

Perhps Nanse should have also paid attention to my recent blog shout-out to professor Perry. I think she has it backwards ... the numbers show that "big oil" is "subsidizing" (just to re-use her inflamitory terminology) taxpayers to the tune of more than $150 billion this year alone. They're simultaneously enriching millions of middle-class taxpayers via their 401(k), pension, and/or mutual fund accounts. For example, funds such as these own well over half of Exxon. There are few industries more liberal than teachers and public sector workers. The pension fund managed by their union, TIAA-CREF, holds:

$3.3 billion in Exxon (it's largest single holding!)
$1.4 billion in Chevron
Another $1 billion each in Occidental Petroleum, Slumberger, and Conocophillips
That's only the beginning. They hold well over $30 billion (25% of their total fund) in commodity, energy, and utility companies.

But that's not what I came here to talk about today ;-)

Depending on your blind political allegiance, you can apply the rest of this blog to Nancy and the bed wetters or Bush and the blood suckers. In either case, what the poll REALLY shows is clear: we almost all agree that we're not getting satisfaction from our current gaggle of beloved leaders.

The current reality is that government officials wield over sized power over our daily lives. They're encroaching further by the second, and with ever-increasing velocity. If you don't believe that, read the chilling Analysis piece in last Friday's FT. Then read the Cliff's Notes of Atlas Shrugged. I guar-on-tee, suddenly Rand's dystopia will not seem so far-fetched.

Here's an idea that kills a whole flock with one stone: Quadruple their compensation. Sinful for a philosophical libertarian to say such a thing? Hey, if you want the best, you have to pay for it. Perhaps this will bring financial incentives more in-line with the value (in terms of impact) which the jobs currently carry.

But that's not all. These folks should work on commission. Give me a second to explain.

The governed should be able to put forth a public agenda at each level of government. No, silly, not Clinton-esque shucking and jiving with every poll. Think along the lines of a nonbinding "steering" version of the California proposition system, conducted online prediction-market-style. This is neither new nor novel ... Professor Robin Hanson at George Mason University has been questing after this grail for nearly a decade. Take a look at his prototypical Foresight Exchange. In a paper last year, he opened with the following hypothesis:
Democracies often ... adopt policies that in effect hurt most voters. If these policies would not have been adopted had all voters known they were bad policies, and if someone somewhere did know or could have known they were bad policies, we can say that such democracies failed because they did not induce people to acquire and share this information. If speculative markets do very well at inducing people to acquire and share information, but are little used in current governmental institutions, then we should consider changing our government institutions to rely more on speculative markets.

He explains the mechanics of his design as follows:

We might instead still have democracy say want we want, but let speculative markets say how to get what we want. That is, elected representatives might
define a formal measure of “national welfare” (analogous to GDP) and manage
its measurement after the fact. Market speculators would then say which
proposed policies they expected to raise national welfare as so defined.

To me, there seems a more direct way of integrating markets into democracy. Just like any prediction market, each voter would have an account. However, this account would contain not money but votes. In democracies, each voter is allocated one vote per issue or elected office. Mapping this model onto prediction markets would be simple. The government would deposit an allocation of votes into each account at the beginning of the year, following one of the following models:
  • The boring yet egalitarian way would be to give every eligible voter the same number of votes each year.
  • A more libertarian approach would be to allocate one vote per ten dollars paid in taxes the prior year.
  • More novel (trendy?) would be to base it on the success record of the voter's prior choices. This would have the nice side-effect of encouraging participation.
  • It's probably too soon to suggest such nuances as the giving people on guest-worker visas some fraction of the votes of a regular citizen.
Voters could then have the opportunity to allocate votes among the available proposals. Yes, this means I could throw my full allocation of votes at a single issue ... or I could spread them across several proposals I like.

What about these proposals? To be eligible, each would have to be backed by a full-term and detailed financing program, as well as solid success metrics. This makes the process objectively measurable, and thus not victim to the same ills as an opinion poll.

This, in turn, allows us to put in the lynch pin: Let us not forget about those elected officials. They still would have the job of legislating. The success ratio of public agenda items effected into law would determine the officials' compensation. If they accomplish 4 out of 10, they get 40% of their (potential, nominal) salary. To take the idea one step further, individual officials might draft or endorse the proposals. Those who back winning proposals would get a worthy financial reward.


Additional reading:
http://www.seemysearch.com/governmentjobs/salary.htm
http://www.api.org/policy/tax/upload/Oil_Industry_Taxes_Paid_0408.pdf
http://egovau.blogspot.com/2008/08/can-we-use-prediction-markets-to.html
http://faculty.london.edu/mottaviani/AIBIPM.pdf
http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/tag/prediction-markets/
http://www.iwar.org.uk/news-archive/tia/futuremap-program.htm

Friday, August 01, 2008

Blog Shout Out: Mark J. Perry's Carpe Diem

Shout out to Mark J. Perry, a professor of economics and finance, for the following chart he posted on his great blog today.

Saturday, July 26, 2008

Follow Up #4: Power

Recently I saw the following chart (left) in the Economist's special report on The Future of Energy. Last year I did some research and drew up these charts in support of my Power blog (right 2 charts). Thanks, Economist for painting this interesting historical picture to queue up my forecasts.

In their chart, what strikes me as most interesting is the speed with which we have been able to switch from one source of energy to another. The shift from wood to coal was halfway complete within 3 decades. We shifted from 3/4 of energy from coal to 1/4 in a single generation (thanks to the increase in oil demand from the exploding popularity of cars).

There's plenty of hard evidence that the rate of technological progress continues to accelerate unabated and with no end in sight. To me, this lends credibility to the argument I've been trying to make of late: the current media hand-wringing is largely misdirected angst. I'm quite confident will be able to shift our energy sources even in the face of unstoppable and dramatic increases in demand ... all before Armageddon is upon us. No, $5 gas is not Armageddon. Jeez.

The Economist seems equally confident that we'll make the necessary changes in the appropriate (yes, "measured and responsible" is an appropriate pace for things) way and time frame. To paraphrase: Don't look now but it's already happening. One of the main sources for their special report, Geoffrey Carr, said it best in a blog at guardian.co.uk: "Alternative energy technologies are proliferating rapidly. And it is big bad business that is making it happen."

Chalk up another one for capitalism to save the day. The Watermelons (aka Green Party) and their type have been thrashing for half a century to absolutely zero effect, save giving environmentalism a bad name.

Source of first chart: BP via Economist.com

Friday, July 25, 2008

Buy!/Sell! #2: Energy

Merging my WWTB series on Energy with my new series on prediction market model portfolios, here's my recommendation on a few upcoming (or envisioned) technologies:


Long:
+ Direct Heat Solar
+ Smart Grids with minute-by-minute moving-avereaged demand-based pricing.
+ Instant-On Electronics
+ Nuke power in cold/distant locales with ultra-long distance DC transmission lines (DC grid:http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11565667)
+ Natural Gas Cars, especially for fleet vehicles (maybe evenhydrides?) (watch for a tax credit)
+ Sugar Ethanol in the US (HUGE risk: rainforest decimation)
+ Tesla Autombiles go mass market
+ Drive toward closed-system energy recycling
+ Geothermal

Short:
- Photovoltaic Solar (too much is lost in translation)
- Corn Ethanol
- Carbon Sequestration (to much volume and no end-game)

Friday, July 18, 2008

What Type of Investors are SWFs

News today that QIA and another Qatari SWF will become Barclay's largest shareholder. Close behind are the SWFs of Singapore and China.

This really represents the nexus between my latest Idle Shareholders blog; my recent discussion about SWFs in Follow Up #3: You've heard of the Illuminati, right? and my coverage of Boone Pickens' concern in Follow Up #3: Power. Perhaps we've found the epicenter of my own personal blogosphere.

The action, itself is nothing earth-shattering. SWFs have been on the prowl for quite some time. The intensity of their hunt has grown just as rapidly as the price of oil. Banks have been on the rocks for over a year. Not surprising, but it calls our attention to interesting questions:

What type of investors are SWFs? Will the QIA be absentee like your average mutual fund manager? Will they be politically activist? Will they quietly drive the company? If so, toward what goals? Stability? Sharia Law? Profitability? Long-term or short?

Will the US be the next England or Rome? If $5/gallon gas isn't enough incentive for us to get off foreign oil, how about the realization that we're giving other countries the money they're using to buy up our (economic) treasures. Middle Eastern and Central Asian countries are getting rich off our insatiable demand for oil. They're awash in Dollars and Euro and must find a productive place to invest. Hence the SWF boom. Happy serendipity for them: US stocks are all on fire sale. If they own our most productive enterprises ... they own the future revenue streams which those enterprises produce. We labor and they profit. Meanwhile we exhaust our remaining wealth to maintain our world influence. One day we wake up as England circa 1950: Broke and Inconsequential.

Will we be able to respond? Hopefully, arguments like mine above will scare many people into looking for a solution. I'm chronically optimistic about the US and our ability to respond in the face of challenge. We have resources of all kinds ample for the effort. Being a democracy, though, we have to go through a period of cacophony and debate where suggestions are raised, debated, and informally voted on.

One popular inclination will be to suggest we take our toys and go home ... hiding behind a wall of protectionism and xenophobia. Prevent them from coming here. Prevent them from owning our shares. Unilaterally refuse to recognize their ownership of our assets. This is Iran's favorite trick. Only if we want to end up like them in 50 years should we pursue such an option.

Another popular inclination will be to hand the whole problem over to governments. Socialism for everyone. In fact, let's make a single worldwide communist state so that we can steal China's and Qatar's wealth to feed our starving faces.

Surely many will say "that's capitalism!" and roll over on their backs to show subservience to the inevitability of the markets. This would be nothing more than an excuse. Capitalism is not Imperialism. Empires fail when freedom is removed (more on this coming soon to a blog near you!). Capitalism is survival of the fittest ideas; it's a framework for making decisions (another blog coming attraction!). The true capitalistic response to a challenge like this is counter-attack with better ideas. This shouldn't be hard. Countries like Qatar, Saudi, Russia, Iran, and even Chile are not becoming wealthy on the backs of a million citizen-entrepreneurs with a hundred million value-creating ideas. To the contrary - their wealth comes from the lucky happenstance of living atop a commodity we all want.

As I am wont to do, I'll leave you to cogitate on these for a bit. I'll be back shortly to share my thoughts.

Sunday, July 13, 2008

The Impact of Energy Prices on the Rest of the World

We're all justifiably concerned about increased energy prices. Yeah, it sucks to pay $75 to fill up your car just so you can drive to work every day. Yeah, it sucks to pay $500 for a flight to Vegas for the weekend when it used to be $199.

Yeah, more importantly it's running US businesses into the ground, causing stagflaton, job loss, and a steady leak in our national wealth. It may even lead us into new wars.

It may toss the US, Europe, and Japan into recession and your 401k may look anaemic for a while but there's no reason to worry that either will not come back. Just be thankful you're not in charge of a rapidly-industrializing country like India, China, Indonesia, or Malaysia.

The recent success of these countries relies entirely on the shift from subsistence agriculture to low skill and energy-intensive manufacture for export. As Thomas Friedman says till he's hoarse, the incredibly low cost of long-haul freight enables their success by allowing them to manufacture cheaply and then sell where prices are high (=in the US, Japan, and Europe).

Here in the US, we have used sophisticated financial leverage (=borrowing) to throw fuel on our economic fire. In industrializing countries, they use the more direct means of government subsidy. Via price controls, via controlled exchange rates, or via direct subsidies, all these countries attempt to deliver cheap inputs (especially energy) to their "national champion" businesses.

The most sensical among the subsidizers see it as a temporary way to vault their countries into the league of rich nations. The less admirable do it to retain their political power. For evidence of this look no further than the 12 cent gas in Venezuela.

Regardless of the motivation, these subsidies are quietly bankrupting national governments. India and Malaysia are but two examples of countries who have recently been forced to decrease their subsidy on oil. Malaysia recently raised gasoline prices by 40 percent and plans further increases in the future. The economic impact won't bee seen for a few quarters, even in countries which are not so astute at cooking their books (ahem - China). Eventually, these governments will have to admit that they cannot continue to be the buffer between the world economy and their own. Oil subsidies will not be the end, either. Governments will have to admit they can no longer afford the luxury of other economic accellerants such as tax credits on businesses.

Moreover, businesses which have become successful (but dependent) on the back of cheap energy and favorable fiscal treatment will face a tremendous test. Most of these businesses are only as old as the current boom. They've never felt the pain of an economic downturn, which explains why most never saw the need to put safety nets or buffers in place. These businesses will close. Their entrepreneurial chiefs will be fine, having squirrelled away for a rainy day. The labor force, on the other hand, have also grown up in the boom and will be caught out.

On a macro level, these countries will have to admit that their heady growth is going to dip. I see the current credit/mortgage and energy/inflation crises as a testament to the robust, large, open and free Western economies. We will absorb and we will rebound. Industrializing countries, including India are going to have a much rougher time of it.

Fiscal crises inevitably lead to political crises. People will riot when the price of their heating and cooking oils goes up. They will get violent when increased transport costs cause their food prices to increase. It will be an extreme challenge for leaders in much of Asia and South America to maintain their positions of power. Due to their past propensities, it's safe to assume socialism will present itself as a savior, and many people will take that bait.

The question for countries and businesses is: what can they do about it? Some suggestions:
  • De-industrialize in favor of Western-style virtualization and services
  • Raise prices (at the risk of losing competitiveness)
  • Finally invest in efficiency over volume
  • Liberalize to become more robust
  • Go green. We're seeing hints that China wants to become the greenest country on the planet ... sheesh they have a long way to go!
  • Find closer markets
  • Shift to cheaper, low-friction transport (boats and trains instead of trucks and planes)
  • Ally together in an attempt to gain the necessary economies of scale
  • Ally with nearby developed countries (think NAFTA and EU)

Friday, July 11, 2008

Follow Up #3: Power

The oilman's oilman T. Boone Pickens has got on TV recently to talk about oil from a new perspective: "The largest transfer of wealth [from the US to the Oil Producers] in the history of mankind."

I like his twist. Of course, it's not a transfer in the economic sense of unilateral remittance, it's a transaction of cash for goods at a (very liquid) market-determined price. However, his point is well taken to the extent that the good is not a durable asset. It is converted into energy.

  • A slice of that energy is used to create wealth in the US. This happens when businesses buy the energy and combine it with other resources to produce goods and services more valuable than the price of the raw inputs.
  • However, another slice of that energy is simply expended with no economic return. This takes the form of energy waste (rife in our country) and personal consumption such as driving to a friend's house or heating a home. This slice is truly an example of sending US wealth to Edens like Russia, Nigeria, Venezuela, Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia in exchange for short-term convenience and comfort. Once the energy is expended, we have nothing to show for it except empty wallets.



OK, so that's the problem ... here's his solution: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=214902169954292574&q=t.+boone+pickens&ei=OOV4SIfuAoTmrQO8qqmCCw

And if you have some time, here's a longer discussion by my favorite interviewer Charlie Rose: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2542587686318460612&ei=OOV4SIfuAoTmrQO8qqmCCw&hl=en

Wednesday, June 25, 2008

Follow-Up #2: Power

We live in a disposable society, thanks to American ingenuity and Asian efficiency of production.

Even with nuclear reactors apparently.

Toshiba has recently announced the "4S" micro reactor which you "set and forget" literally. They seal them at the factory. You can put them wherever you want: in a building, underground, in space. Assuming no water gets into their liquid sodium (eek .... ka-BOOOM?), they merrily run for a few decades. When they peter out, you simply throw them away.

Check it out:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_4S
http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Toshiba
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/analysis/nucenviss2.html
http://www.atomicinsights.com/AI_03-20-05print.html

Not so fast, right? They'd be full of a thousand years of radioactive waste. My favorite solution to that one has always been to blast the garbage off to the sun. It's an expert at dealing with radioactive waste - it hosts countless nuclear reactions every day.

Thursday, September 27, 2007

Follow-up: Power

Skip the blog and head straight for the interesting comments on nuke power ... and especially how to deal with the waste and security concerns:
http://freakonomics.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/26/a-good-newsbad-news-day-for-the-nuclear-energy-industry/

And then check out Wikipedia for some interesting energy production estimates from IEA:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale

What Will Tomorrow Bring: Wireless Power

Very cool.
http://www.autobloggreen.com/2007/09/26/wireless-power-from-wipower-ready-for-commercialization/

Tuesday, September 25, 2007

Power

The future of energy is resolving itself to a new level of clarity. We certainly need to work on the "zoom" to see exactly the mechanisms that will get us to the future, but the horizon is now visible.

To state the obvious, the energy of the future is electricity. Other mechanisms will also coexist (see below), but not predominantly. Everything from power plants to factories to cars to home heat will become electric. Because of this demand will skyrocket from the current 500 exajoules of primary energy per year to perhaps 2000 EJ by this time next century. So-called "energy intensity" (energy production/economic output) will continue to decline in industrialized countries, but overall demand will continue to increase. In the 3rd world, unfortunately, both will rocket skyward for a half century. Conservation will slow the growth perhaps but even the most asceticly stringent views could not suggest that we will reduce overall demand as billion after billion people move from subsistence to industry.

For the next 20 to 40 years, new energy generation will be nuclear. It's there, it's safe, it's cheap. This will give breathing room for R&D to successfully develop methods of harvesting energy from a very broad range of geological sources (see below). Somewhere around 2050, we'll wake up to find that geo sources account for more than 50% of total generation. At that point, the only talk about carbon- or nuclear-sourced generation will be how fast these dinosaurs can be killed with economic efficiency.

The bigger story is energy sourced from the earth and the sky. In a sense, this is the next evolution in conservation, since currently the universe wastes (well, expends anyway) inconceivable amounts of energy. Our long-term focus will be on harnessing these joules. Or would that be jewels? To quote Wikipedia (whence all good info eventually alights) the amount of solar energy intercepted by Earth every minute is greater than the energy produced by fossil fuels each year. The earth's core alone generates an incredible 140,000,000 EJ a year. It is estimated that this could easily translate into potential of 5,000 harnessed EJ of geothermal energy per year using currently-existing technologies.

Let me put this overall theory into pictures. As these are simply theories, the numbers are indicative.




Power Sources (first tab) ... and estimates (second tab):



Further reading:
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/AD550E/ad550e00.pdf
http://secondlawoflife.wordpress.com/category/power-generation/
http://ies.lbl.gov/iespubs/42949.pdf
http://web.mit.edu/space_solar_power/

and, as always: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy